By its formation within the mollusk and its appearance, we can distinguish three types of pearls:
- Baroque Pearl: Those cysts that have an irregular shape.
- Pearl Cyst: The one that originates in the pearl sac and has a rounded, ovoid appearance, presenting its surface as wholly covered with mother-of-pearl.
- Blister pearl: The one that grows attached to the inner face of the shell-with the appearance of half spheres and mother-of-pearl only in its upper part.
Characteristics of Cultured Pearls
Diameter: The largest pearl is the most valuable when all other factors are proportional. Akoya pearls range from 6 to 8mm in diameter.
Shape: There are various shapes, such as round, baroque, oval, and knob. The best known is the round nucleate. Keshi and baroque pearls are also valuable.
Color: The most common colors are pinkish-white, silver, cream, greenish, and bluish.
Orient/Luster: The orient is the iridescent effect light produces in the various layers of mother-of-pearl that make up the pearl. At low temperatures, better-quality layers of mother-of-pearl are formed.
Crop layer: The thickness is of extraordinary importance. Adequate thickness results from how long the mollusk has been left in the water and affects the quality of the nacre.
The Ultimate Guide to Pearls: Types, Quality, and Choosing the Perfect Pearl
Table of Contents
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Introduction: Why Pearls Endure
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What Makes a Pearl? Natural vs. Cultured
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Major Types of Pearls
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Akoya Pearls
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South Sea Pearls
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Tahitian Pearls
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Freshwater Pearls
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Other Unique Pearl Varieties
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How to Evaluate and Grade Pearls
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Lustre
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Shape
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Color
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Size and Surface
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Selecting the Right Pearl Jewelry
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Caring for Your Pearls
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FAQ: All About Pearls
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Author Credentials & Trusted References
Introduction: Why Pearls Endure
Pearls are synonymous with natural beauty, elegance, and timeless appeal. From royal adornments to contemporary jewelry, their allure captivates collectors and fashion enthusiasts alike. Understanding the differences between pearl types is essential to appreciate their unique origins, values, and personalities.
What Makes a Pearl? Natural vs. Cultured
A pearl forms when a mollusk coats a microscopic irritant with layers of nacre, producing the luminous quality pearls are cherished for. Today, most pearls are cultured—nurtured with human assistance on farms—while natural pearls are exceedingly rare and found by chance in the wild. Both saltwater and freshwater environments yield remarkable variations.
Major Types of Pearls
Akoya Pearls
Akoya pearls are the icons of classic, white pearl jewelry. Grown primarily in Japan and China’s cool saltwater, these pearls are famous for their bright luster, perfectly round shapes, and subtle overtones of pink or silver. Akoya pearls typically range from 2 mm to 10 mm in size, making them a staple for elegant necklaces and earrings.
South Sea Pearls
South Sea pearls are among the world’s largest and rarest, cultivated in the warm waters off Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Available in shades from luminous white to rich gold, these pearls are treasured for their exceptional size (up to 20 mm), satiny glow, and unmistakable luxury. Their rarity and grandeur make them a signature of high-end jewelry.
Tahitian Pearls
Known as black pearls, Tahitian pearls dazzle with exotic greens, peacock, blue, and deep charcoal hues. Grown in the seas around French Polynesia, Tahitian pearls are prized for their natural dark color and unique iridescence. They are a favorite statement piece for those seeking drama and intrigue in jewelry design.
Freshwater Pearls
Freshwater pearls are cultivated in rivers and lakes, primarily in China, and come in a wide array of shapes, pastel colors, and sizes. While typically more affordable than their saltwater counterparts, high-grade freshwater pearls can rival Akoya in beauty and luster. Their versatility makes them perfect for creative, everyday jewelry.
Other Unique Pearl Varieties
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Keshi Pearls: Tiny, irregular pearls with intense luster; they're all-nacre and occur naturally or as byproducts of culturing.
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Mabe Pearls: Grown against the shell, forming dome-shaped "half pearls" perfect for earrings and rings.
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Baroque Pearls: Non-spherical, uniquely contoured pearls sought after for bold, modern designs.
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Coin & Biwa Pearls: Flat (coin) or stick-like (Biwa) freshwater pearls prized for contemporary looks and historical significance.
How to Evaluate and Grade Pearls
Lustre
The most prized pearls shine with a crisp, mirror-like luster, reflecting light and surroundings beautifully. High-luster pearls are both visually striking and valuable.
Shape
Round pearls are the gold standard, commanding the highest prices. However, baroque and off-round pearls offer character and individuality for unique, artistic jewelry.
Color
From snow white and blush pink to dramatic black and vibrant gold, pearl color is influenced by mollusk species and water conditions. Iridescent overtones—such as rose, silver, or green—add depth and dimension.
Size and Surface
South Sea and Tahitian pearls are often larger (10–20 mm), while Akoya and freshwater pearls are usually smaller. Fewer blemishes enhance a pearl's value, but minor surface characteristics prove their organic origin.
Selecting the Right Pearl Jewelry
Consider personality and occasion—classic Akoya strands exude timeless sophistication, South Sea statements spell opulence, Tahitian pearls add a modern edge, and freshwater varieties provide everyday flair. Jewelry settings from platinum to yellow gold can complement and elevate each pearl’s natural beauty.
Caring for Your Pearls
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Wipe pearls gently with a soft cloth after wearing.
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Store them flat, away from other gemstones, to prevent scratching.
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Avoid exposure to perfumes, acids, or hairspray.
FAQ: All About Pearls
Are most pearls natural or cultured?
Over 95% are cultured; natural pearls are exceptionally rare and expensive.
What is the rarest type of pearl?
South Sea and large natural pearls are among the rarest and most valuable.
Can freshwater pearls be high quality?
Yes. High-grade freshwater pearls can approach the beauty and value of Akoya pearls, featuring great luster and roundness.
What is a baroque pearl?
Baroque refers to any pearl with a non-spherical, irregular shape—cherished for unique, modern jewelry designs.
Author Credentials & Trusted References
This article was written by Miking's communications team led by Miluska Rigert, a diamond and gemstones professional with more than a decade of experience advising high-end clientele. She holds an AJP certification from the GIA (USA), a certification in Luxury Brand Management from Sotheby's Institute of Art (London, UK), a Diploma in Digital Marketing from the London Business School, and an International MBA from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Eduardo Bancayan conducted extensive research and curation for this publication. His philosophy and economics background, as well as his experience as an author writing books, help to connect Miking’s educational content with the evolving expectations of contemporary consumers. Alexa Godines as a translator and editor, collaborated in refining the article’s language, ensuring clarity and precision in its English phrasing and grammar for international audiences.
- Gemological Institute of America (GIA)
- International Gemological Institute (IGI)
- Cultured Pearl Association of America (CPAA)
- Swiss Gemmological Institute (SSEF)
Discover Miking’s expertly curated pearl collections—where tradition meets innovation in every luminous piece. For personal guidance, contact our experts or explore more at www.miking.us.
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